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- <text id=90TT0791>
- <title>
- Mar. 26, 1990: Don't Cash The Peace Dividend
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1990
- Mar. 26, 1990 The Germans
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- ESSAY, Page 88
- Don't Cash the Peace Dividend
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p>By Charles Krauthammer
- </p>
- <p> The country, the Congress and the media are demanding a
- peace dividend. Papa Bush sternly refuses to give it to them.
- For that he is assailed as being out of sync, out of touch,
- overprudent, weird even.
- </p>
- <p> Papa Bush is right.
- </p>
- <p> There is nothing wrong with a gradual reduction of American
- forces in response to the Soviet eclipse. There may even be
- some merit to skipping one generation of weapons and investing
- instead in research and development of the next generation (as
- suggested by former Assistant Defense Secretary Richard Perle).
- Both of these approaches, however, rest on the premise that the
- U.S. must maintain a large, technologically advanced, worldwide
- military force. The logic of the peace dividend is the
- opposite: now that the cold war is won, it is time to
- demobilize.
- </p>
- <p> Postwar demobilization is a very American idea. We have a
- penchant for demobilizing the day after the war is won. After
- World War I, we rapidly demobilized and disengaged from Europe.
- With no countervailing American force to contain the rise of
- the monstrous totalitarianisms of the '30s, the way was cleared
- for World War II.
- </p>
- <p> Which we also won. And after which we demobilized again: 9
- million men in the first year after the Japanese surrender.
- Stalin was slower to embrace the pleasures of civilian life.
- He kept 3 million men under arms, the U.S. half that number.
- Stalin kept a massive occupation force in Europe. The U.S.
- decided this time that leaving Europe entirely would be a
- mistake, so, having radically demobilized, we chose to stay on
- the cheap--with nuclear weapons, an expediency that kept the
- world on the nuclear precipice for 40 years.
- </p>
- <p> We are now, once again but without realizing it, in an
- immediate postwar period. The cold war was world war in every
- respect but one. It was a great struggle between two massive
- alliances conducted on every continent and at every level of
- struggle--economic, political and military--save one: the
- existence of nuclear weapons outlawed direct military
- engagement between the great powers. Which is why the cold war
- is not recognized for what it was--World War III. And in 1989
- it ended just like the first two: we won.
- </p>
- <p> Seeing the cold war as World War III is not just a metaphor.
- It helps to explain the current rush to demobilize. We are
- again in the grip of a postwar euphoria, and our instinct is
- to do what we have always done: demobilize first, ask questions
- later.
- </p>
- <p> It is in the American soul. Contrary to the fantasies of the
- recent left about an imperial Amerika, it is hard to think of
- a great power with less taste for empire than the United
- States. Empire? The most universal response to the hegemony
- that our Asian and European alliances brought us is the chorus
- of Washington voices demanding allied "burden sharing." For
- Americans, empire is a pain.
- </p>
- <p> Empire? Even when we do invade, whether it is Normandy or
- Panama, the first question to arise is always, When do we get
- out? Luigi Barzini once observed that for America
- interventionism is often just an expression of "impatient
- isolationism," wanting to get the job over with and back to,
- "in the words of Theodore Roosevelt (who deplored it
- vigorously), `the soft and easy enjoyment of material
- comforts.'"
- </p>
- <p> Americans like to think--they thought so in 1919, in 1945
- and now again in 1990--that having conquered the great evil
- of the day, they have conquered evil, that having defeated
- today's mortal threat, they have banished threat.
- </p>
- <p> "Who's the enemy?" a reporter pointedly asked President Bush
- at a recent press conference. The implication being, "If you
- can't name the enemy, there is none. And if there is no enemy,
- why $300 billion for defense?"
- </p>
- <p> It is true that no one can give a precise answer as to where
- the next threat will come from. That does not mean--as the
- peace dividenders of today loudly pretend--that there is
- none.
- </p>
- <p> To assume that there is no threat is to assume, first, that
- the Soviet threat is completely dead, that even a
- disintegrating Soviet empire, home to 25,000 nuclear warheads,
- will not disturb the peace. History does not support the
- proposition that collapsing empires go quietly.
- </p>
- <p> It is to assume, second, that the Soviet threat cannot be
- succeeded by a Russian threat. A Russia shorn of empire and
- taken over by embittered nationalists could easily revert to
- the kind of dangerous revanchism that seized other defeated
- powers in this century, notably interwar Germany.
- </p>
- <p> It is to assume, finally, that threat, even if banished from
- the East, will not come from elsewhere. We simply have no idea
- where Germany, China, Japan are headed. We don't know how the
- Balkans will evolve. We do know that with the Soviet decline
- other forces will occupy the vacuum, among them long-dormant
- nationalisms and newly awakened Islamic fundamentalism, neither
- of which is necessarily friendly to American interests or
- values. We also know that in a high-tech world, dozens of
- regimes are acquiring weapons of mass destruction (nuclear,
- chemical, biological) and the means to deliver them to almost
- any place on earth.
- </p>
- <p> It is naive and highly dangerous, therefore, to pretend that
- with the end of this latest war, war is abolished. Yet that is
- what we want to believe. In 1943 Secretary of State Cordell
- Hull returned from the Moscow Conference that set the
- foundation for a United Nations and told a joint session of
- Congress that as the provisions of the conference were carried
- out, "there will no longer be need for spheres of influence,
- for alliances, for balance of power, or any other of the
- special arrangements through which, in the unhappy past, the
- nations strove to safeguard their security or to promote their
- interests."
- </p>
- <p> Sound familiar?
- </p>
-
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
-
-